oops: Noticed an error in the example I gave in the article. Should read...
"Example: A unit of 300 archers (OB 80 with short bow) fires a massed volley at a unit of 1000 infantry (AT9) in Line Formation 350ft away. The infantry have 50 hits each. This is outside the normal range of the Short bows, so the only way the unit can attack at that range is with a massed volley. Using a massed volley reduces the units OB to 40.
The range modifiers are -130 (Extreme range 2) and the targets DB 20 for a combined penalty of -150.
However the target's size is 6000, so provides a +120 bonus. Added to the unit's modified OB gives positive modifiers of +160.
This gives a net modifier of +10.
The attack results in a 21E result. Because it is volley fire made within the EX2 range category, the critical level is reduced by three levels (to an "B", a 12% chance per attack) and Concussion hits are reduced by half. The target unit suffers (300*0.12 =) 36 casualties.
Concussion hits caused by the attack are (300*21 =2400) + (50 * 36 = 450) = 2850 hits/2 = 1425."