giving them all a base strength of 50 with a 0 bonus so all adjustments come from racial bonuses.
( for rounding purposes I use the Scientific method of rounding to the nearest even number when at .5)
And having an Avergae height/weight based of a 51 for a height and weight roll. and Using My BWA calculation. (I use weight divided by 5 rather than weight divided by 10 and increase this by 1/3rd of the strength bonus+racial Enc bonus, if any, as a percentage increase)
Short sword average weight = 3lbs (by Arms law) min str cat = weak
Broad sword average weight = 4lbs min str cat = weak
Battle Axe average weight = 7lbs min str cat = average
Two handed Sword ave. weight = 9lbs min str cat = hardy
Long Pike/Spear (12' length ) ave weight = 12lbs ( reduce 2 categories used 2 hands) min str cat = Capable
Short spear (8' length ) ave weight = 6lbs ( reduce 2 categories 2hands 1 category 1 handed due to weight distribution and method of use) min str cat = Able/weak (1h/2h)
Common man ( +5str )weight of 175 = BWA of 35.56 round up to 36 gives a strength Cat of "Capable".
Short sword = no penalty, Broad sword = no penalty, Battle axe No penalty, two handed sword = -5 penalty as it is 1 category strength higher, Long Pike melee = -5 as it is still 1 category higher, Short spear 1h = no penalty, short spear 2h = no penalty
High Elf (+0 strength) weight 175lbs = BWA of 35 gives a str cat of "average"
Short sword = no penalty, Broad sword = no penalty, Battle axe = No penalty, two handed sword = -10 penalty as it is 2 categories strength higher, Long Pike melee = no penalty, Short spear 1h = no penalty, short spear 2h = no penalty
Halfing (-20 str ) weight 76lbs = BWA of 14.18 ( rounded to 14) gives a STR Cat of "Very Weak"
Short sword = -5, Broad sword = -5, Battle axe = -15, two handed sword = -25 , long pike melee = -20, Short spear 1h = -10, short spear 2h = -5
As you can see, the Halfing does come out the worse..... though I would assume if you made a Halfing fighter you would have some bonuses in strength to negate this disadvantage to a small degree. Just a +10 to strength would bump the Halfing Up one category allowing him to use Short sword, broadsword and short spear 2H with no penalty. It would take significant strength and stature (increased height/weight) to get him up another category.